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1.
In the U.S., virtually no new coal-fired power plants have been built in recent years. Both industry experts and academics seem to believe that no rational firm will build a new coal-fired plant. Will such a trend continue in the future? To provide insights into this question, we investigate the optimal decision of an electricity company with an irreversible and deferrable opportunity to build either a new coal-fired or natural gas-fired power plant as its new base-load resource. According to our real option analysis, the optimal decision depends on the location. In the case of the eastern U.S., it is optimal to choose a natural gas plant if a firm is given a choice among a new natural gas plant, a new coal plant and deferring the investment. However, contrary to the common sentiment in the industry and academia, building a new coal plant in the western U.S. is still more economical than building a new natural gas plant in the absence of emission pricing. Furthermore, introducing carbon pricing to western U.S. states, as California did, can substantially increase the probability that a firm will optimally choose a natural gas plant over a coal plant. 相似文献
2.
Jaehyun So Nassim Motamedidehkordi Yingjie Wu Fritz Busch Keechoo Choi 《International Journal of Sustainable Transportation》2018,12(4):286-298
This study proposes an integrated simulation approach, which consists of a microscopic traffic simulation model, a vehicle dynamics model, and an emission estimation model, in order to estimate emissions based on more reliable vehicle performance measures. The vehicle performance measures such as engine power and engine speed significantly relate to the amount of emissions, and road curvatures and inclinations are the core inputs affecting these vehicle performance measures. Therefore, providing reliable vehicle performance measures reflecting the road geometric attributes is critical for a reliable emission estimation. This study proposes to use the microscopic traffic simulation model for generating vehicle trajectories, which is advantageous in modeling various traffic situations, and the vehicle dynamics model for producing the vehicle performance measures based on the vehicle trajectories. Finally, the outputs from the vehicle dynamics model are fed into the emission estimation model to compute emission measures. This study conducted a case-study using two road sections, one is a hypothesized road section, including various curvatures and inclinations with regular variations, and the other is a Kesselberg road section, which is an actual geometry in Bayern, Germany. The emission measures are estimated in these case-study road sections using both an existing simulation approach and the proposed integrated simulation approach. The difference between these two emission estimation approaches is discussed in terms of the emission measures, including fuel consumption, nitrogen oxides, and particulate matters. 相似文献
3.
中国耕地资源利用的碳排放时空特征及脱钩效应研究 总被引:8,自引:0,他引:8
研究目的:揭示中国耕地资源利用的碳排放时空分异规律及其与农业经济增长之间的脱钩关系,以期为中国耕地资源低碳化利用政策的制定和推行提供参考。研究方法:IPCC碳排系数法,TAPIO脱钩分析法。研究结果:(1)中国耕地资源利用的碳排放整体上呈现增长趋势,但2010年后增速趋于下降并于2016年开始转入负增长,省际差异不断扩大的同时区域间差异趋于缩小;(2)中国耕地资源利用的碳排放强度总体上处于下降态势,省际和区域间碳排放强度的差异总体上趋于缩小;(3)中国耕地资源利用的不同碳排放源的碳排放量及增速呈现不同的时序波动特征,同时存在明显的地域差异性,其中,化肥是最主要碳排放源;(4)中国2000—2012年耕地资源利用的碳排放与农业经济增长之间呈现以"弱脱钩"为主,但2013—2017年不同省域的脱钩类型及脱钩程度趋于差异化。研究结论:中国耕地资源利用碳排放的时空分异性显著,且与农业经济增长之间不同阶段和不同省域呈现不同脱钩类型,需突出减排重点、实施差异化策略及注重绿色发展等多途径推进耕地资源低碳化利用,提高政策的精准性。 相似文献
4.
Radovan Kastratovi 《The Australian journal of agricultural and resource economics》2019,63(3):620-642
This research analyses the impact of foreign direct investment on greenhouse gas emissions in the agriculture sector of developing countries. Panel data from 63 developing countries for the period 2005 to 2014 was used to estimate a dynamic econometric model by applying a system‐generalised method of moments. The empirical results indicate a positive impact of foreign direct investment in agriculture on the carbon dioxide equivalent emission intensity in developing countries. The results provide weak support for the pollution havens hypothesis and imply the importance of coordination between foreign direct investment and environmental policies. 相似文献
5.
以中国2013年以来实行的碳排放交易试点政策作为准自然实验事件,基于2000-2017年中国30个省市的面板数据,运用双重差分法实证检验碳排放交易制度的节能减排效应及影响机制。研究发现,碳排放交易制度有利于实现中国经济“节能”与“减排”的双重目标,并通过了一系列稳健性检验;作用机制检验表明,能源效率提升和能源结构转型都是碳排放交易制度实现节能减排目标的重要路径;能源效率提升在碳排放交易制度实现“节能”和“减排”中分别发挥了10.19%和5.93%的作用,而能源结构转型分别发挥了48.87%和52.95%的作用。这意味着中国碳排放交易制度实现节能减排的主要动力来自能源结构转型,而非能源效率提升。能源结构转型涉及问题更加宏观和深层,这为中国加快推进节能减排进程,特别是完成2030年碳达峰和2060年碳中和的国际承诺提供政策启示。 相似文献
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7.
人口老龄化是经济增长的一大阻碍,它对碳排放的影响是做出环境政策抉择的关键因素.以中国2002—2017年的省级面板数据为研究样本,从理论与实证两个层面分析人口老龄化与碳排放的关系及影响机制.一方面,构建包含碳排放的世代交叠模型(overlapping generations,OLG),发现老龄化主要通过消费效应和生产效应两个路径对碳排放产生影响;另一方面,从实证层面发现老龄化与碳排放之间存在倒"U"形关系,而且消费效应在人口老龄化与碳排放的关系中起到部分中介作用,生产效应的影响则不显著. 相似文献
8.
ABSTRACTThis study investigates whether the previously reported price impact of OTC trades in the EU ETS can be attributed to their distinctively larger size (liquidity related) or to their discretionary feature (information related). The findings suggest that OTC trades induce volatility shocks that are higher in magnitude and faster resolved than those of solely high trading-intensity trades, which appears to be driven mainly by their presence, rather than by their size. An analysis of intraday price premia reveals that they are strategically placed by interacting with the organized market whenever their price and volatility impact is lower. 相似文献
9.